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HomeSummaryReview of the conditionCharacteristics of simple and complex elbow dislocations.Types Similar conditions Incidence and risk factors Diagnosis Exercises Possible benefits of Considering surgeryPreparing for surgeryAbout the procedureRecovering from surgeryRehabilitationConclusion

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Surgical and non-surgical treatment for dislocation of the elbow

Last updated Friday, July 29, 2005

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Review of the condition

Characteristics of simple and complex elbow dislocations.

The elbow is an inherently stable joint. Dislocation usually occurs as a result of a significant event, such as a fall or car accident. Patients with dislocated elbows usually experience considerable pain, obvious deformity and swelling. They may also experience numbness or tingling in their hand after injury.

Types

The two general types of elbow dislocation are:

1. Simple elbow dislocation: The radius and ulna articulate with the humerus at the elbow. When the radius and ulna become dissociated from the humerus without associated fracture, this injury is called a simple dislocation. Typically the radius and ulna move behind the humerus.
2. Complex elbow dislocation: This injury is a simple dislocation combined with a fracture of the humerus, radius, ulna or a combination of all three bones.

Similar conditions

Small elbow fractures associated with dislocations can be missed on x-rays (radiographs) so the images must be carefully reviewed. The diagnosis of any associated fractures is important in deciding the appropriate management of the injury.

Incidence and risk factors

The elbow is the second most common major joint (after the shoulder) to experience dislocation.

Diagnosis

The clinician must obtain a complete patient history and information about the accident including time of injury, mechanism, and associated injuries. Next, the entire upper extremity is examined. The skin is inspected for swelling, bruising, open wounds, and obvious deformity. The joint is then examined by feeling and pressing (palpitating) for tenderness. A detailed examination of the nerves (median, radial, ulnar) crossing the elbow must be done. An assessment of the vascular status of the arm is mandatory. Plain radiographs are then performed to define the injury.

Exercises

Exercises are the mainstay of treatment after reduction and/or surgery for elbow dislocations and/or fracture-dislocations. Rehabilitation is essential in either the surgical or non-surgical treatment of elbow fracture-dislocations. After closed reduction, exercises to improve range of motion must be performed. After surgery, exercise is an essential part of rehabilitation and a key component of a successful treatment outcome.

Possible benefits of

Simple elbow dislocations are associated with damage to the ligaments around the elbow. Typically these dislocations heal uneventfully without surgery. However, in rare instances, if the elbow remains unstable (i.e. re-dislocates partially or completely), surgery may be required.

Complex dislocations often remain unstable following closed reduction. In these cases, surgery to repair the fractures and ligaments is often required to restore stability to the joint.

Surgery for Simple and complex elbow dislocations. at the University of Washington

If you are interested in making an appointment to discuss this procedure, you can request an appointment using our online referrals website. To request a referral online, please click here. You can also call 206-598-4288 (outside the Seattle area: 800-440-3280) to make an appointment.

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