Relevant Anatomy of Glenohumeral Instability.
Last updated Friday, February 04, 2005
The glenoid labrum
The glenoid labrum is a fibrous rim that serves to deepen the glenoid
fossa and allow attachment of the glenohumeral ligaments and the biceps
tendon to the glenoid.
Interconnection and anatomy Anatomically, it is the interconnection of the periosteum of the
glenoid, the glenoid bone, the glenoid articular cartilage, the
synovium, and the capsule. While microscopic studies have shown that a
small amount of fibrocartilage exists at the junction of the hyaline
cartilage of the glenoid and fibrous capsule; the vast majority of the
labrum consists of dense fibrous tissue with a few elastic fibers.
(Gardner, 1963; Moseley and Overgaard, 1962; Townley, 1950) The
posterior-superior labrum is continuous with the long head tendon of
the biceps. Anteriorly it is continuous with the inferior glenohumeral
ligament. (Grant, 1972; Moseley, 1945; Moseley, 1972; Trillat and
Leclerc-Chalvet, 1973) Hertz et al (Hertz et al, 1986) detailed the
micro anatomy of the labrum, while Prodromos et al (Prodromos et al,
1990), DePalma (DePalma, 1973) and Olsson (Olsson, 1953) have described
the changes in the glenoid labrum with age.
In cadavers, isolated labral deficiency is not usually sufficient to
allow glenohumeral dislocation. (Pagnani et al, 1995; Reeves, 1968a;
Reeves, 1969; Townley, 1950) However, clinical studies reveal a high
incidence of labral deficiency in recurrent traumatic instability.
(Bankart, 1939; D'Angelo, 1970; DePalma, 1950b; Matsen and Thomas,
1990; Rowe et al, 1978; Ungersbock et al, 1995)
The reader is referred to a recent review of the gross anatomy of
the glenohumeral joint surfaces, ligaments, labrum and capsule by
Warner. (Matsen et al, 1993) Disclaimer
This resource has been provided by the University of Washington Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine as general information only. This information may not apply to a specific patient. Additional information may be found at http://www.orthop.washington.edu or by contacting the UW Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine.
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