Infectious Arthritis.
Last updated Wednesday, December 22, 2004
Management and treatmentTreatment Most often, people with infectious arthritis need to go into the
hospital for diagnosis and treatment; the treatment and length of stay
will vary depending on the type of infectious arthritis present.
Treating bacterial infections
Almost all people whose infectious arthritis is caused by bacteria
are given an antibiotic. Antibiotics are medications that fight off
bacteria. Different antibiotics destroy different bacteria. Therefore,
the antibiotic prescribed depends on the type of bacteria present.
Antibiotics can be taken by mouth or given through the person's
vein. When given through a vein, it is called an intravenous or IV
injection. An IV releases the antibiotic directly into the bloodstream.
This allows the infection-fighting drug to travel faster, in higher
concentration, and directly to the infected joint.
Often, antibiotics can destroy an infection in a few days or weeks.
In some cases, antibiotics must be taken over several months. Remember
to take antibiotics for the number of days prescribed--even if symptoms
disappear. Many people think they can stop taking the medication when
the symptoms are gone. Even though symptoms disappear, bacteria may
still be present. If not destroyed by the antibiotic, the bacteria can
re-infect the area.
Treating viral infections
Generally infectious arthritis caused by a virus goes away by
itself. Medications are not available to treat viral infections.
Resting in bed and drinking plenty of liquids are usually recommended.
Treating fungal infections
Fungal infections are often difficult to treat. Doctors can
prescribe a fungus-fighting medication. This may need to be used for
months. Surgery is sometimes performed to clean out the infected joint.
Fungal infections are difficult to eliminate entirely. Even after
successful treatment they may recur.
Treating inflammation
For all types of infectious arthritis the doctor may prescribe a medication to relieve pain and inflammation. These are called anti-inflammatory drugs.
In many cases, the doctor may need to drain one or more joints. This
is done by inserting a needle into the joint and withdrawing fluid.
This procedure is generally easy and usually not painful. It is done to
remove any harmful substances released by the bacteria or by the body's
bacteria fighting cells. Joint fluid drainage may need to be done
several times. Most of the time repeated drainage, along with high
doses of IV antibiotics, can prevent the need for surgery.
Other treatments
Arthritis treatment may also include resting and protecting the
joints. Splints can be used to limit movement. This helps reduce pain
and tissue damage.
After the infection is gone, the doctor will frequently recommend exercises
to build up muscle strength. Other exercises may be recommended to
increase the joint's range of motion. A physical therapist can
demonstrate and assist with exercises that can be done at home.
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